Dock construction and method of constructing docks.



E. D. MARTIN. DGK CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD 0F GONSTRUGTING DOGKS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 26, 1911.

1,006,5472V Patented oct. 17,1911.

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EDGAR D. MARTIN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

DOCK CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTINGDOCKS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 1"?, 1911.

Application filed January 26, 1911. Serial No. 604,763.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDGAR D. MARTIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in Dock Constructions and in the Method of Constructing Docks, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in dock constructions and in the method of constructing docks, the object being to simplify and cheapen the cost thereof, and to otherwise improve on the construction of docks, particularly with a view of protecting .the laying of concrete portions from the action of the water, without the construction of expensive and diflicult temporary watertight bulkheads.

This invention has particular reference to concrete dock constructions having foundations formed of piles driven down into the ground, a bulk-head between the land and water, and a concrete cap carried by the piles.

The invention consists in the details of construction, arrangement and combination of parts and the art or process of forming the structure, as will be hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a view, partly in vertical cross section and partly in perspective, of the dock construction prior to its completion, and showing a certain temporary structure employed in the construction of the dock, Fig. 2 is a View, similar to Fig. 1, of the complete dock with the temporary structure removed, Fig. 3 is a plan of a fragment of the dock with the cap partly broken away, Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on line 1r-fl Fig. 2, Fig. 5 is a plan of a number of certain bulk-head members, Fig. G is a vertical cross section showing the structure employed as a pier, and Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic plan of a modified form of pile arrangement.

Referring to the drawing, a body of water such as a river, slip or the like, will be seen at A, the same running to the shore B, upon which is located the dock C. Separating the water side from the land side is a bulkhead 10, of suitable construction, one form comprising sheet piling made of boards or planks fastened together to form tongue and groove members 10a, (see Fig. 5) whereby when the members are fitted together with the tongues seated in the grooves, a fairly water tight bulk-head results therefrom. Said bulk-head projects down into the bed of the river or other body of water, whereby its lower end is secured in place. A horizontal timber 14, which serves as a A Stringer, holding the bulk-head from being pushed out because of the pressure of the earth, rests against the outer face of the bulk-head, and is connected to anchor piles 16 by a number of tie-rods, as will be here-V after described. The horizontal timber 14:, can also serve as a fender wale to protect the dock from injury by impact from boats or other craft. In the finished construction the upper edge of the bulk-head and the fender Vwale are preferably located below the water line as shown at a, (Fig. 2). On the land side of the bulk-head and ruiming parallel with the bulk-head, are one or more rows of piles 11,12, which are driven into the ground to a suitable depth, and spaced apart to suit the peculiarity of the structure to be supported thereon. Back of the rows of piling 11, 12, is the row of anchor piles 1G, which is spaced a considerable distance away from the rst row, and bearing against said anchor piles is a horizontal timber 17, connected to the timber 14, by tie-rods 15, 18. For convenience said tie-rods 15, 18, are spliced as by a timber 13, through which the tie-rods pass, and nuts on the ends of the rods bearing on said timber. It is obvious that the upper end of the bulk-head may be secured in place by tightening up the nuts on the tie-rods.

Supported upon the double row of piles 1l, 12, is a cap or wall 20, of concrete, said cap being [preferably.reinforced by metal reinforcements such as longitudinal rods 21, that are embedded in the concrete. lVhen so reinforced, the columns of each row 11,12, may be spaced apart quite a distance, and the capskcarried thereby in the manner of girders, spanning the columns. In many cases, however, the piles of the outer row or both rows may be set in close contact to forni a solid wall as shown in Fig. 7. The tie-rods 15, preferably pass underneath the cap 20, and are embedded in concrete bodies 20, which if desired may be formed an integral part of the cap and constructed as hereinafter described. The base line or foot of the cap is preferably located below the water line as shown, and may extend toV and abut against the bulk-head. Preferably the piles 11, 12, project slightly into the base of the cap, as shown, although this is of course not essential to the invention, broadly speaking.

In constructing a dock structure in accordance with my improved method, anchor piles 16, are first driven and then a row of temporary piles 22 (see Fig. 1) driven into the bed of the river or other body of water, along the line where it is desired to build the dock. Said piles are closely spaced, say from four to ten foot centers. 1n connection with the driving of piles 22, temporary tierods 24, are placed and pulled up tight, hold! ing against the anchor piles at one end and holding to the upper or butt end of piles 22, at the other end. For convenience timbers 25, 26, may be placed against the piles, as shown, to receive the ends of the tie-rods. In case the dock is being constructed in a bank having a tendency to slide or cave into the water, the bulk-head of sheet piling 10, must be driven and securely held before piles 11 and 12 are driven, for otherwise the latter will be thrown out of position or bent by the movement of the earth. In driving the bulk-head in place, a mud sill timber 27, is forced down behind the temporary piles 22, and secured in place, after which the timber 14, is forced down behind the temporary piles to a point below the water line. The bulk-head of sheet piling 10, is then driven down in place behind said timbers 14, 27, and this may be done by driving the individual members 10a, of the bulkhead down one at a time, with the tongue of one member seated in the groove of the next adjacent one. The members of the bulkhead are driven down into the bed of the water course with their upper ends projecting somewhat above the water line, (see Fig.' 1) so as to leave a temporary extension 23, which acts to hold the water away from the work of excavating for the concrete cap and from the laying of the concrete. The per manent piles 11, 12, are driven down behind the bulk-head, being preferably arranged in parallel rows, spaced apart at such dif'- tances as are found necessary, depending on the load to be carried. The space on the land side of the bulk-head is filled in or excavated to form a trough 29, depending on the condition of the shore at the time, and trenches 30, are dug at suitable intervals between the timbers 13, 14:, the timber 13, having been placed against the piles 12, after which the tie-rods 15, are thrust through registering holes in the timber 141, and bulk-head, and the nuts screwed up on the outer ends of said tie-rods. The inner ends of the rods 15, may then be secured to the timber 13. Said holes in the bulkhead and timber 14, may be bored with suitable boring machinery capable of operating under the water, after the timbers and bulkhead have been put in place. The timbers 17, having been placed behind the anchor piles 16, the bulk-head is connected to the anchor piles by the tie-rods 15, 18, the section 13, being thrust through registering holes in the timbers 13, 17, and the nuts screwed up on their ends. The tops of the piles 11, 12, are sawed off so as to leave projecting ends above the surface of the ground at the bottom of the trough 29, (see Fig. 1) whereby when the cap is molded, they may project thereinto. The horizontal timbers 25, 13 and 17, may be omitted and the rods be secured directly to the piles; timber 26, may be placed inside of piles 22, to serve as an additional guide in driving the bulkhead, the rods 24, in that case attaching directly to the piles 22. A. temporary front wall 31, for the mold is fastened in place immediately behind the upper end of the bulk-head, said wall extending up to the topof the cap, and an inner, second wall 31a, for the mold is positioned back of the front wall, at the proper place to give the desired thickness to the cap, after which the trenches around the tie-rods are lled with concrete and a layer of concrete spread on the bottom of the mold. lVherever necessary the reinforcement rods 21, are then placed upon this layer and the mold filled with concrete. One section at the time can thus be constructed, after which the timber 26, may be detached from the tie-rods 24, and the temporary piles 22, withdrawn and 'used farther on in building the next section and so on. After the concrete has set, the upper end of the bulk-head is sawed off below the water line (see Fig. 2) and removed together with the wall 31, leaving the concrete cap exposed. It will be noticed that the cap extends down below the water line and may contact with the inner face of the bulk-head. The tie-rods 2st, may be removed or left in place, as found desirable, and the excavated portions behind the cap filled in or treated in any other suitable manner. In some cases all of the piles 22, are not drawn out, but a certain number left in place to serve as fender piles for the protection of the dock from passing bodies.

Piers may be built in a body of water by constructing two opposing, suitably spaced structures of the kind above described, as seen in Fig. 6, and filling the space between them with material, such as stone, dirt, etc.

One of the important features of my construction consists in the fact that the bulkhead 10, lies on the outer side of the permanent pilings 11, 12, thereby protecting them from the water around them, and acting dur,

ing the process of construction to hold the water back from the work.

I realize that various alterations and modifications of this device are possible without departing from the spirit of my invention, and I do not therefore desire to limit myself to the exact form of construction shown and described.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A dock construction, comprising a series of driven cap supporting piles, a bulkhead secured in position on the water side of all of said cap supporting piles, and a cap over said piles and located wholly on the land side of the bulk-head.

2. A dock construction, comprising a series of driven cap supporting piles, a bulkhead located at the outer side of all of said piles, and wholly below the water level, means for holding said bulk-head in position, and a cap located wholly on the land side of said bulk-head and projecting down below the water level and supported on the piles.

3. A dock construction, comprising a driven bulk-head separating the land side from the water side, rows of driven cap supporting piles all located behind said bulkhead, connections between one 4of the rows of piles and the bulk-head, and a metal reinforced concrete cap supported on said piles and located wholly on the land side of the bulk-head.

4. A dock construction, comprising a driven bulk-head separating the land side from the water side, a series of cap supporting, driven piles all located behind said bulk-head, a row of driven anchor piles parallel with said cap supporting piles, and spaced some distance away therefrom, connections between the bulk-head and anchor piles, and a concrete cap over the cap supporting piles and located wholly on the land side of the bulk-head.

5. A dock construction, comprising abulkhead separating the land side from the water side, a series of driven piles behind the bull;-

head, a timber on the water side of the bulkhead and a timber on the land side of the series of piles, tie-rods connecting said timbers, a body of concrete surrounding said tie-rods, and a concrete cap above the piles.

6. A dock construct-ion, comprising a driven bulk-head terminating below the water line, and separating the land side from the water side, rows of driven cap supporting piles all located behind said bulk-head and terminating below the level of the water, tie-rod connections between the bulk-head and piles, and a concrete cap supported by the piles and extending partly above and partly below the water level behind the bulkhead.

7. A dock construction, comprising a row of driven temporary piles, a distant row of driven anchor piles, and temporary tie-rod connections between said rows of piles, a

driven bulk-head, back of said temporary.

row of piles, and having an extension above the water line capable of being removed, a double row of piles back of the bulkehead, tie-rod connections between the bulk-head, the double row of piles and the distant row of piles, and a concrete cap over the double row of piles, said cap extending partly below and partly above the water level.

8. The method of constructing docks along water courses, which consists in driving a bulk-head down into the ground inside a row of anchored temporary piles, and outside of rows of driven permanent piles, anchoring said bulkhead so as to leave the upper edge thereof above the water level, molding a concrete cap over the permanent piles, with a portion of its body below and a portion above the water level, and removing the temporary piles and that part of the bulk-head above the water level.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name, at Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, this 23d day of January 1911.

EDGAR D. MARTIN.

Witnesses:

FANNIE F. RICHARDS, CHARLES O. SHERVEY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

